基于矢量折射定理,研究了透射光束通过双棱镜实现微弧度量级偏转的设计原理,解决了星间激光通信精跟瞄检测的难题。推导了正交双棱镜实现光束偏转的精确公式,提出以水平张角和垂直张角表达光束视场,并说明了单棱镜实现光束偏转的一般情况。根据设计指标和计算结果确定了棱镜的主要参量,进而对光束的偏转结果进行了数值模拟。最后的实验结果与模拟结果基本一致。结果表明：取棱镜棱角α为4°时,棱镜每旋转1′,透射光束变化约1 μrad;分别控制双棱镜在其最小偏向角一侧小角度偏转,可以实现光束在水平方向和垂直方向500 μrad范围内的精确扫描,装置的扫描精度可以达到0.2 μrad。

Starting from vector refraction theorem, the design principle of transmitted laser beam through double-prism to perform microradian deviation is researched, and the testing problem of fine pointing and tracking in inter-satellite optical communications is solved. The accurate formula for laser beam deviation through a pair of orthogonal prisms is derived, the visual field defined as level field angle and vertical field angle is proposed, and the general situation of laser beam deviation through single prism is also presented. The main parameters of prisms, according to design object and calculation result, are confirmed, and then the numerical simulation on the deviation result of laser beam is carried out. The final results from the tests accord well with those from the theoretical analysis. The results show, when the prism wedge angle is 4°, the transmitted laser beam changes about 1 μrad as the prism rotates 1′; when the small angle deviation on one side of the minimum deviation angle of each prism is controlled, the scanning range of laser beam in the horizontal and vertical direction is not less than 500 μrad, and the scanning precision of the device is superior to 0.2 μrad.