水汽体积比仅仅占整个空气的0.1%～3%,但它却是大气中时空变化最为活跃的气体。拉曼激光雷达由于其测量精度高、探测范围广以及自动化程度高,成为现今测量大气水汽含量的新型工具。介绍了中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所于2004年10月自行研制的国内首台车载式拉曼激光雷达的总体结构和主要技术参量,给出其相应激光雷达数据的反演方法,该激光雷达在合肥地区进行了实际测量和对比实验。测量结果显示：该激光雷达夜晚探测水汽的高度范围可以从近地面到达对流层中部8 km左右。同时,该激光雷达还尝试进行了白天水汽探测实验,并首次得出突变层内的水汽混合比垂直廓线。

The content of water vapor in atmosphere is very little and the volume ratio of moisture to air is about 0.1%～3%, but water vapor is the most active molecule in atmosphere. Due to advantages of the high resolution, wide range and highly automatic operation, the Raman lidar has become the useful newstyle tools to measure water vapor. The new mobile home Raman lidar developed firstly by Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Oct. 2004, is introduced as well as its structure and specification. Process method of the lidar data is described. The practical and comparative experiments were made over Hefei city. The measurement results show that this lidar has ability to gain profiles of water vapor mixing ratio from surface to the height of about 8 km in nighttime. Meanwhile, the measurement of water vapor in daytime has been taken, and the profiles of water vapor mixing ratio in boundary layer have been detected.