研究了利用两台经纬仪的光测图像测量目标姿态的误差合成问题。建立了基于矢量代数的误差分析模型，通过推导得到最终误差的估计公式。公式表明，最终误差由两台经纬仪图像的像轴线倾斜误差Δβ1和Δβ2，两台经纬仪视线与目标轴线的夹角φ1和φ2，以及两个交会面的夹角Ψ决定。最后利用蒙特卡罗方法仿真计算了两台经纬仪测量目标姿态的误差，仿真结果表明，由估计公式得到的理论误差与仿真误差的符合程度很好，验证了误差估计公式的正确性。该估计公式可以应用于姿态测量结果的误差分析。

The error composition of object attitude measurement based on optical images from two theodolites is researched. Based on vector algebra, the error analysis model is built and the total error estimation formula is deduced. The formula shows that the error is decided by the slope angle errors Δβ1 and Δβ2 of object axis in optical images from two theodolites, the angles φ1 and φ2 between the tracking lines of two theodolites and the object axis, the planar angle Ψ between two intersect planes. The error of object attitude measurement based on two theodolites is simulated base on Monte-Carlo method, and the simulation result shows that theoretical error calculated by estimation formula coincides with the simulation error very well, which verifies the accuracy of the error estimation formula. This estimation formula can be applied in the error analysis of object attitude measurement.