随着可见光通信技术等新兴光通信技术的迅速发展，针对光终端多用户接入的组网通信需求，对光域多址技术的研究逐渐显示出重要意义。目前，光域多址技术主要有光波分多址技术、光码分多址技术、光时分多址技术、副载波多址技术以及相应的混合多址技术。文章阐述了上述多址技术的基本原理、主要特点和应用方向，通过分析与对比各光域多址技术的性能，为光终端多用户接入通信系统多址技术的选取提供理论依据。同时，对光域多址技术的未来发展趋势做出展望。

With the rapid development of visible light communication technology and other emerging optical communication technologies and the increasing demand for optical terminal multiuser access networking communications, the study on the multiple access technologies in the optical field gradually highlights their significance. At present, the major multiple access technologies in the optical field include Optical Wavelength Division Multiple Access (OWDMA) technology, Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) technology, Optical Time Division Multiple Address (OTDMA) technology, SubCarrier Multiple Access (SCMA) technology and the corresponding hybrid multiple access technologies. This paper introduces their basic principles, main characteristics and applications and on the basis of analyzing and comparing their performances provides the theoretical basis of their selection for the optical terminal multiuser access communication systems. In addition, it predicts the trend of their future development.