大气气溶胶的光学特性是大气环境、大气辐射、激光大气传输和进行空中目标识别的重要影响因子之一,而光谱气溶胶标高(spectral aerosol scale height,简称SASH)是反映气溶胶高度分布特征的关键参量;在考虑无云状态下可见和红外波长范围的太阳辐射情况时,不仅仅要考虑总的气溶胶消光的组成,而且还要估计不同空间间隔范围内的有效高度。文章基于大气气溶胶浓度随高度指数衰减的原理,利用前向散射能见度仪和连续光谱的太阳辐射计,并辅以必要的温湿探测设备,同时测量了典型地区大气柱光学特性以及近地面层的大气水平光谱消光系数,建立多波长SASH的计算方法,获得了可见光波段(波长400,440,532,550和690 nm)的大气SASH的变化特征:无论是沿海还是内陆地区,随着波长值的增加,SASH减小;对于东南沿海某地,一般地,冬季SASH要大于夏季的SASH;而对于内陆合肥地区,冬季SASH要小于夏季的SASH。

In the present paper,based on the exponential attenuation of atmospheric aerosol concentration with height,so using continuous spectrum sun-photometer,forward scatter visibility sensor and hygrothermograph,the authors measured the atmosphere column optical characteristic and plane spectral extinction coefficient on earth on the base of two experiments at some edge of ocean at the same time,respectively,set up the calculative method of multi-wavelength spectral aerosol scale height.Firstly,the authors obtained atmospheric horizontal extinction coefficient with forward scattering visibility sensor,which subtracted molecular extinction coefficient,and could get aerosol extinction coefficient near ground;Then,selecting sea salt model,using OPAC software,the authors also could calculate the aerosol extinction coefficient under different humidity (0%,50%,70%,80%,90%,95%,98% and 99%) and different wavelength (400,450,500,550,600,650,700 and 750 nm),the aerosol extinction coefficient was detected by visibility sensor,using interpolation method,respectively;Finally,using the data of atmospheric columniation optical thickness detected by continuous spectral sun-photometer and subtracted molecular optical thickness corresponding wavelengths were accounted out by Modtran 4.0.The authors obtained the characteristic of spectral aerosol scale height of visible light (wavelength is 400,440,532,550 and 690 nm):with wavelength increments,and spectral aerosol scale height was found to decline neither in inland nor in inshore in China;Spectral aerosol scale height in winter is higher than in summer in southeast inshore;but spectral aerosol scale height in winter is smaller in summer than in inland.