以天基空间目标探测器的研究为背景,对近地空间的光环境进行了研究,并对平面、球面、柱面、锥面近地空间小目标进行光学建模,给出其在一定距离上的光照度与光源、探测器方位角及相位角的普遍关系式。为验证关系式的正确性,在设定条件下对模型进行了仿真分析,得到平面最亮,球面和柱面次之,锥面最暗的结论;同时在暗室中搭建空间小目标成像的模拟实验系统,以增强型电荷耦合器件(ICCD)摄像机进行静态目标成像实验。对采集的图像进行分析,得到了符合仿真结论的实验结果。说明了目标光学模型的正确性及运用微光探测器件对空间目标进行成像观测的可行性。同时也进行了动态目标成像实验,实验结果说明了减小图像噪声对运动目标定位处理的重要性,这一结论为成像器件选型提供了依据。

Based on the research of space-based spatial object detectors,the optical environment of near-earth space was studied. Modeling of optical characteristics of small spatial object with shapes of plane,sphere,cylinder and cone was carried out,the dependence of the irradiance on objects at a certain distance to the azimuth angles,phase angles of light source and detectors were described. Under the same optical conditions,the brightest object for detector is plane,sphere and cylinder are darker,and cone is the darkest. To verify our modeling,experiments were carried out in dark room to simulate the optical detecting in space. Static and dynamic objects were captured by ICCD camera,by analyzing and processing the images,the correctness of the models and the feasibility of using low-light-imaging system to trace and survey the spatial objects were proved.