为了测量固态透明物质中气泡直径,采用远场干涉的方法测量玻璃棱镜中气泡直径。平行激光束照射到棱镜中的气泡时,在远场将产生圆环状干涉条纹,利用气泡远场干涉模型进行理论分析,并用分光仪对三棱镜外干涉条纹进行测量,取得一组关于干涉条纹角位置的数据,由折射定律换算为棱镜内干涉条纹角位置,进而使用计算软件MATHEMATICA计算出气泡直径。结果表明,测量相对差为0.2%,所测气泡直径的方向应为入射激光束的方向,对气泡在载物台上方的位置要求不严格;对测量方法进行适当改变,亦可测量其它形状透明介质内的气泡直径。这一测量结果对透明物质中气泡形状的研究是有帮助的。

In order to measure bubble diameter in transparent solid materials,the bubble diameter in the prism is measured by means of far-field interference.When parallel laser beam is irradiating the bubble in the prism,circular interference fringe is produced in the far-field.It is analyzed based on the far-field theoretical model.The interference fringes outside the prism is measured with spectrometer and a set of data of angle position of interference fringes is obtained and converted into the angle position of interference fringes inside the prism according to Snell’s law and then bubble diameter is calculated with computing software MATHEMATICA.The results showed that the relative error is 0.2%,the measured diameter direction is incident laser beam direction and the demand for the bubble location over platform is not strict.When appropriate change in measurement method is made,the bubble diameter of transparent medium in other shape can also be measured.The result is helpful for studying the shape of the bubble in a transparent material.