利用激光衍射对液体表面张力和毛细波波速与温度的关系进行了研究.当激光斜入射到毛细波上, 观察到稳定的、清晰的衍射图样, 运用光栅衍射理论对该实验现象进行了分析, 测量了不同温度下蒸馏水的表面张力和毛细波波速, 用最小二乘法对实验数据进行拟合, 给出了表面张力和毛细波波速与温度的解析关系, 发现表面张力和毛细波波速随着温度的增加而减小, 并和温度呈近似线性关系.根据其机理, 建立了激光衍射法实时的和非接触的测量不同温度下液体表面张力和毛细波波速的方法.

Surface tension and capillary wave velocity are measured at different temperature by laser diffraction from capillary waves.When the laser beam obliquely impinges on capillary waves at a certain angle,steady and visible diffraction spots are formed.Surface tension and capillary wave velocity at different temperature are measured by laser diffraction.By the non-linear least square fit to the data,the analytic expression of surface tension and temperature is derived,and the analytic expression of capillary wave velocity and temperature is derived.Surface tension and capillary wave velocity all decrease with the increasing temperature,and the approximate relations of them are linear.Based on the principle of this experiment,a new method for measurement of surface tension and capillary wave velocity at different temperature is built in a real time and non-destructive way.朱峰|2000zf36392@sina.com