研制了一种碳纤维天鹅绒阴极,并对碳纤维天鹅绒阴极和化纤天鹅绒阴极进行了初步的比较研究。比较结果表明:碳纤维天鹅绒阴极比化纤天鹅绒阴极启动稍慢。在相同的驱动电压条件下,碳纤维天鹅绒阴极产生的微波输出功率有可能优于化纤天鹅绒阴极。但是,由于纤维脱落导致碳纤维天鹅绒产生微波的性能显著下降。在高电压运行中,化纤天鹅绒的纤维尖端由于高温烧蚀而膨胀、弯曲,从而影响了其运行寿命;但碳纤维天鹅绒的纤维尖端在实验运行后没有出现因高温烧蚀而膨胀、弯曲的现象。因此,碳纤维天鹅绒阴极的运行寿命应优于化纤天鹅绒。

This paper presents the results of an experimental comparison of carbon velvet cathodes and a common polymer velvet cathode. The comparative results show that the initiation of the carbon velvet cathodes is slightly slower,and it is possible that the output microwave power of the carbon velvet cathodes is higher than that of the common polymer velvet cathode under the same diode voltage. However,the output microwave power and pulse width of the carbon velvet cathodes reduce obviously when part of the fibers fall from the cathode. The tips of the polymer velvet fibers are expanded and bent because of the erosion in operation,which shortens the lifetime of the polymer velvet cathode. While,this does not happen to the tips of the carbon velvet fibers,which shows that the lifetime of the carbon velvet cathode is longer than that of the common polymer velvet cathode.