目前, 堆肥化是解决畜禽粪便污染环境和造成社会经济问题、 实现其无害化和资源化利用的简便易行的重要途径。 鸡粪中含有大量的氮磷钾等营养成分。 文章以鸡粪和菊花渣工厂化高温堆肥发酵过程氮、 磷和钾主要营养成分为研究对象, 探讨利用近红外光谱法进行无损速测分析的可行性。 在鸡粪工厂化堆肥不同发酵阶段进行多点取样, 利用美国Nicolet公司生产的傅里叶变换型近红外光谱仪采集在10 000～4 000 cm-1范围内原始样品光谱, 并结合多种光谱数据处理方法和偏最小二乘回归法建立了总氮、 总磷和总钾的近红外模型并进行了验证分析。 根据环境类样品近红外模型评价标准, 近红外光谱法测定鸡粪堆肥过程主要营养成分含量具有较好的可行性。 其中, 所建总氮含量模型验证决定系数(R2)大于0.80, 验证相对分析误差(RPD)大于2.0； 所建总磷和总钾模型的R2和RPD值分别大于0.90和3.0。Composting Using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

The present study explored the efficiency of quantitative analysis forthe contents of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium(TK) during chicken manure composting with chrysanthemum residue in a plant fieldusing a Thermo Nicolet Antaris near-infrared reflectance spectral apparatusequipped with InGaAs detectors (Thermo Nicolet Corporation, Chicago, USA). Thesamples used in this study were collected from different positions duringcomposting and were scanned in polyethylene bags at 2 cm-1 interval from 10 000to 4 000 cm-1 with 32 co-added scans. Regression models were developed usingspectral data and reference data by partial least square (PLS). In order toenhance chemical information and reduce data systemic noise, different datapreprocessing methods such as smoothing, 1st and 2nd derivative, standard normalvariety (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were tested. Theoptimum preprocessing method was selected with the lowest root mean square errorof cross-validation (RMSECV). Outliers were removed on the basis of being labeledas compositional outliers by the criteria that the predicted-actual differencefor the sample was three standard deviations from the mean difference. Accordingto the concentration gradient of each parameter, all samples were divided into acalibration set (3/4 samples) and a validation set (1/4 samples). Leave-one-outcross validation was performed to avoid over-fitting on the calibration sets.Based on the values of determination coefficient (Ｒ2) and relative predictiondeviation (RPD) in validation sets, the prediction results were evaluated asexcellent for TP and TK, and approximate for TN. Hereinto, Ｒ2 and RPD valueswere greater than 0.82 and 2.0 for TN, and greater than 0.90 and 3.0 for TP andTK, respectively.Plant-field composting