提出一种利用双频激光干涉仪检测光栅刻划机分度丝杠的新型光路结构，推导出用于阿贝误差补偿的快速修正计算式，实现了丝杠测试过程中阿贝误差的实时修正，通过修正使不满足阿贝原则的测量系统获得了较高的测量精度。另外该方法还通过调整参考镜角锥棱镜消除了测量过程中丝杠轴向窜动引起的测量误差。实验结果表明，采用提出的方法在300mm的丝杠行程内修正的最大阿贝误差为1.39um，补偿后最大残差仅为0.48um，有效地提高了丝杠测量精度。

A new tion grating ruling this paper. In the optical structure in a dual-frequency laser interferometer for measuring lead screws in diffracengines is proposed, and a formula which can quickly correct the Abbe error is deduced in process of testing lead screws, because the Abbe error in the measured data can be compensated in real time, the measurement system which doesn＇t meet Abbe principle can achieve high measurment accuracy. In addition, by adjusting the reference angle of the conical prisms, this method can also eliminate the measurement error induced by the axial movement of a lead screw in measuring process. The experimental result shows that the maximum residual error is only O. 48 um within a 300 mm stroke after the maximum Abbe error of 1.39 um is corrected. In conclusion, this method effectively improves the measurement accuracy of lead screws.