为了实现大口径望远镜系统的装调，提高其光学成像质量，研究了望远镜装调像差和计算机辅助装调技术。首先针对RC式望远镜系统，分析了装调过程中由于次镜偏心和倾斜导致系统模型产生的扰动误差。针对实际调整过程中选择零彗差点和曲率中心作为旋转中心进行调整的特点，分析了这两个旋转点的选择对系统像差和指向精度的影响。然后结合计算机辅助装调原理，研究了关于恒定彗差、线性像散与模型相关的灵敏度矩阵的特殊形式，结合波像差理论与光学软件Code V模型仿真来实现装调技术。最后，针对1 m级望远镜系统进行了安装调整。实验结果表明: 装调后系统的RMS达到了0.144 5λ，大大优于装调前的1.214λ，证实了该方法具有较好的精度、抗干扰能力和实际应用价值。

In order to realize the alignment of a large aperture telescopic system and to improve the image quality, the alignment aberration and computer-aided alignment technique are investigated. Firstly, the perturbation error of a RC telescope due to the displacement and tilt of a secondary mirror is analyzed in an alignment process. Based on the feature that the coma-free point and the center of curvature are chosen as the rotating centers during the adjusting process，the effect of choosing two different points on the optical aberration and pointing errors is emphatically analyzed. Then, according to wavefront aberration theory combining with optical software Code V，the special sensitivity matrixes of constant coma and linear astigmatism of telescope system are studied based on the computer aided alignment principle, and the alignment technique is realized by programming and emulating. Finally, combining the project applications, 1 m telescope system is adjusted and aligned. Experimental results indicate that the RMS of system after alignment reaches 0.144 5λ,which is greatly superior to 1.214λ before alignment. The results prove that the method has good accuracy, anti-interference ability and practical application values.