概述了当前航天光学成像遥感器在对地、对天观测的多个领域的应用现状，给出了国外著名高分辨率商业卫星的性能指标，归纳了在轨和即将发射的太空望远镜的工作参数，展望了以更高的地面分辨率、更宽的地面覆盖和更高成像质量为目标的高性能光学遥感器的发展方向。依托大型光学成像平台的模块化技术和天地一体化设计为代表的综合性光学遥感器，阐述了实现自动识别和在轨参数自动调整的智能型光学成像遥感器的可行性、环境条件和技术要求。总结了目前在航天光学成像遥感器设计中大口径、主动光学波前探测和在轨智能处理等方面的关键技术和实现难题，提出了可实现的研究思路和未来的发展前景。

Recent development status of space optical remote sensors in both earth and space detection fields is described. The specifications of several kinds of high resolution commercial satellites are given and the working properties of space telescopes on orbits and launching are summarized. Then, the developing trends of the high performance optical sensors with high resolution, wider fields of view and higher imaging quality are presented. According to the modeling of the large optical imaging platforms and the incorporating of earth and space optical sensors, it demonstrates the feasibility of intelligent optical imaging sensors based on the automatic target recognition and automatic parameter adjustment and gives working environments and technological demands of the sensors. Finally, it proposes the key techniques of space optical remote sensors in future, such as large aperture mirrors, active optical wavefront sensing and intelligent data processing on orbits.