基于工程实践中高分辨率目标成像技术的需求，讨论了光学合成孔径成像技术的成像原理以及在提高成像分辨率方面的优越性，阐述了国内外在相关领域取得的科研成果及存在的技术难点。在现有加工工艺及装调检测条件下，设计了基于两个子望远镜的合成孔径成像实验。以斐索型多孔径望远镜为研究对象，从几何光学理论出发，讨论了地基斐索型合成孔径成像系统实验的可行性。分析实验中关键组件的调整精度，提出了合成孔径成像系统精确成像的方案。实验中设计了分辨率＜±0.03 mm的微调机构来保证系统获得清晰的像，并使用分辨率达到0.05 μm的压电直线精密驱动器来保证两束光相位同步。分析结果表明，本文设计的地基多孔径成像系统实验切实可行，可得到合成孔径成像系统分辨率的确切值，为进一步研究合成孔径成像系统奠定了基础。

On the basis of the demands of high resolution in imaging technologies of developing engineering practices, the imaging principles of an optical synthetic aperture and the advantages in improving the resolution of image was discussed in this paper. The domestic and foreign research results and the exciting technical difficulties in the relevant research fields also were demonstrated. In the current conditions of processing and testing alignment, the imaging experiment of two sub-aperture telescope was designed. From theory of geometrical optics, using Fizeau-type multi-aperture telescope, the experimental possibility of Fizeau-type synthetic aperture was investigated. The adjustment accuracy of the key components in the synthetic imaging system was researched, which ensures that the system can make an image completely. In the experiments, the fine tuning mechanism with a designed resolution less than ±0.03 mm ensures that the system can obtain a clear image, and the precision piezoelectric linear drive system with a resolution 0.05 μm guarantees the synchronization of two beams′ phases. The results show that the foundation of the designed experiment is feasible, and the system can offer the exact resolution values. This research makes a useful basis for the synthetic aperture imaging system, and has important potential in practices.