目标红外辐射特性测量是目标特征获取和识别的重要手段之一,而大气透过率修正是大气中目标辐射测量必需的一个环节.在传统的辐射测量方法中，利用大气观测设备和大气辐射传输计算软件测量计算大气透过率及程辐射，不确定度在10～20%左右，而目标红外辐射反演精度在12～23%左右.为提高辐射反演精度，提出了一种新的辐射测量方法，利用目标附近的参考黑体精确测量目标和红外系统之间的大气透过率，并给出了大气透过率计算模型和目标红外辐射反演模型.分析表明，新方法的大气透过率测量不确定度约为6～10.5%，目标辐射反演精度优于3.5%.利用中波红外相机进行了目标红外辐射测量实验，结果显示，传统方法的目标辐射反演精度为7.5～24.7%，新方法为0.1～3.4%.新方法对于提高目标红外辐射反演精度具有重要意义.

Infrared radiation measurement is one of the important ways for target signature acquirement and target recognition, wherein atmospheric correction is a requisite step for obtaining the real radiation of the target. In the conventional radiation measurement method, it is necessary to measure atmosphere parameters by using atmosphere observation devices, and calculate the atmospheric transmittance and the air path radiance from these parameters by using a atmospheric radiation transport calculation software. The uncertainty in the atmospheric transmittance obtained by the conventional method is about 10~20%, and the target radiation inversion precision is about 12~23%. To improve the radiation inversion precision, a novel radiation measurement method based on realtime correction was presented, which measured the atmospheric transmittance with high precision by using a reference blackbody near the target. Models for atmospheric transmittance calculation and target radiation inversion were proposed. Analysis showed that the uncertainty in the atmospheric transmittance obtained by the novel method is about 6~10.5%, and the radiation inversion precision obtained by the novel method is better than 3.5%. A radiation measurement was performed by using a MW infrared camera. Theresults showed that the radiation inversion precision of the conventional method is 7.5～24.7%, while that of the novel method is 0.1~3.4%. The novel method has an important significance for improving the target radiation inversion precision.