空间碎片的存在严重影响了在轨航天器的安全，国际上很多国家开展了空间碎片探测技术的研究，利用漫反射激光测距技术对空间碎片进行探测是一个新的发展趋势。根据空间碎片漫反射激光测距的特点以及国内外漫反射激光测距技术的发展趋势和现状，研究了云南天文台的空间碎片漫反射激光测距系统。分析了云南天文台进行空间碎片漫反射激光测距探测成功的概率以及该技术所需要具备的系统组成和关键技术，并通过空间碎片漫反射激光测距实测试验方法验证了该技术的可行性。实测数据结果表明空间碎片漫反射激光测距精度为50～250 cm。

Spacecrafts in orbit are being threatened by space debris, so many countries have developed detection technique for space debris, and the diffuse reflection laser ranging of space debris is a new technology. According to the characteristic, the development and the status in the world of space debris diffuse reflection laser ranging, we research the diffuse reflection laser ranging system at Yunnan Observatory. The probability of detecting space debris by diffuse reflection laser ranging at Yunnan Observatory and the structure of systems and the key techniques for diffuse reflection laser ranging are analyzed. The feasibility of space debris diffuse reflection laser ranging at Yunnan Observatory is confirmed by experimentation method. Measurement data indicate that the precision of diffuse reflection laser ranging is 50～250 cm.