在高速列车运行过程中，车轮作为最主要的承载部件，极易出现踏面擦伤等缺陷测。本文介绍了安装在钢轨上的多通道在线式加速度传感器检测系统，该方法以Cyclone 系列FPGA 为核心控制模块，完成与后端DSP 数字信号处理器间的通信，实现车轮踏面损伤的测量，并对现场采集到的数据进行处理分析。实验结果证明，本系统能够实现对多通道车轮踏面振荡数据实时采集、转换控制和数字信号处理，有效保障了列车的安全运行。

Wheels are the most important bearing parts of train, and wheel’s operation influences safety of the train’s motion. On the premise of investigating and summarizing the application and development of the tread profile's scratch detection technology at home and abroad, the paper describes a multi-channel data acquisition system using Cyclone serials FPGA as the core control module, which achieves communication to Digital Signal Processor (DSP) at the back-end. Ultimately, the field test demonstrates that the system can measure damage of the wheel tread and ensure the safe operation of trains.