大功率微波真空电子器件具有工作频率高、峰值和平均功率大等特点，已广泛应用于微波电子系统,在科学研究和国民经济方面的应用越来越广泛。在科学研究方面，它主要应用在高能粒子加速器和可控热核聚变加热装置等大型科学装置上，主要包括高峰值功率速调管、连续波和长脉冲高功率速调管和高功率回旋管等器件。在国民经济方面，则主要应用于天气雷达、导航雷达、医用和工业辐照加速器、电视广播和通信等微波电子系统，主要包括大功率脉冲和连续波速调管、分布作用速调管、行波管、磁控管和感应输出管等。为此，介绍了这些微波真空电子器件的技术现状、共性技术问题和发展趋势。

High power microwave vacuum electron devices can work at high frequency, high peak and average power. They have been widely used in military and civil microwave electron systems, such as radar, communication, countermeasure, TV broadcast, particle accelerators, plasma heating devices of fusion, microwave sensing and microwave heating. In scientific research, high power microwave vacuum electron devices are used mainly on high energy particle accelerator and fusion research. The devices include high peak power klystron, CW and long pulse high power klystron, multi-beam klystron, and high power gyrotron. In national economy, high power microwave vacuum electron devices are used mainly on weather and navigation radar, medical and radiation accelerator, TV broadcast and communication system. The devices include high power pulse and CW klystron, extended interaction klystron, traveling wave tube(TWT), magnetron and induced output tube(IOT). The state of art, common technology problems and trends of high power microwave vacuum electron devices are introduced in this paper.