快速发现并定位管道泄漏对管道运输的安全至关重要, 开发永久的、分布式、实时在线的管道检测传感系统是管道安全检测的重要目标。光纤传感技术具有体积小、灵敏度高、耐酸碱腐蚀、抗电磁干扰能力强、不产生电火花等优点, 在管道检测中具有巨大的应用潜力。对应用于管道泄漏检测的各种光纤传感技术的原理和国内外发展现状进行了介绍, 包括光纤布拉格光栅传感技术、光纤散射传感技术、Sagnac光纤干涉传感技术、Mach-Zehnder光纤干涉传感技术、偏振光光纤传感技术、光纤消逝场传感技术等。阐述了各传感技术在管道泄漏检测中的具体应用, 通过对各传感技术的优缺点进行比较, 总结了各传感技术的特点和进一步研究发展的方向, 指出光纤传感技术在管道测漏传感方面具有巨大的优势和广泛的应用前景。

To find and locate the leaky positions of pipeline are extremely important to the pipeline security. To build a permanent distributed sensor system which can monitor the security of the pipeline in real time and in-line is an emergent demand. Relative to those traditional electromechanical sensors, the optical fiber sensor system offer small volume, high sensitivity, wet connection, immunity of corrosion and electromagnetic interference. The use of optical fiber sensing technologies to monitor pipeline security has a bright prospect. Here, optical fiber sensing technologies for pipeline leakage detection based on fiber Bragg grating, Raman and Brillouin scattering, Sagnac interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, polarization and evanescent field are presented and analyzed thoroughly. Research achievements of each technology in home and abroad are illustrated. Merits and defects of these technologies are described and development trends of them are proposed.