研制了基于Y型腔结构的正交偏振氦氖激光器，介绍了该激光器的基本结构和基本原理。实验研究了该激光器的输出光模式、输出光功率、输出光频差调谐特性和频差闭锁特性。通过改变共用段反射镜上压电陶瓷的电压，观察了激光器闭锁状态时两偏振光光强随着总腔长调谐变化的规律，并分析了闭锁状态下不同偏振态纵模之间的相互作用机理。与以往产生双频激光的方案进行对比，分析了Y型腔正交偏振氦氖激光器的特点，给出了其在频差稳定性方面的优势和制约因素。实验结果表明，利用Y型腔结构可以实现氦氖激光器的频率分裂，激光器最大输出功率约为235.2 μW；通过调节共用段反射镜上压电陶瓷的电压可以线性调节激光器的输出频差；实验中激光器的频差为22~1 018 MHz，闭锁阈值频差约为22 MHz。

Based on the Y-shaped cavity frequency splitting method, an orthogonal polarized He-Ne laser was designed and implemented. The structure and basic principle of the laser were introduced in detail, and the transverse and longitudinal models, output powers, the ellipticity of output light and frequency difference lock-in phenomenon and frequency difference tuning characteristics were experimentally investigated. By changing the voltage of piezoelectric transducer applied to the common cavity mirror, the power tuning characteristics of S polarized and P polarized lights were observed and summarized. Furthermore, the interaction mechanism of S polarized and P polarized lights as above-mentioned was also analyzed. Compared with the traditional dual frequency lasers, the characters of the laser, as well as its merits and demerits on the frequency difference stability were presented. Experiments show that the maximum output power of the laser is about 235.2 μW. By adjusting the voltage of the piezoelectric transducer in the P cavity, the frequency difference between the S polarized and P polarized lights is linearly varied from 22 MHz to 1 018 MHz and lock-in frequency difference of the laser is about 22 MHz.