大到天文光学望远镜观察浩瀚的宇宙, 小到光学显微镜探察细微的纳米世界, 光学成像技术在人类探索和发现未知世界奥秘的活动中扮演着至关重要的角色. 看得更远、看得更细、看得更清楚是人们不断追求的目标. 传统光学理论已证明所有经典光学系统都是一个衍射受限系统, 即光学系统空间分辨率的物理极限是由光的波长和系统的相对孔径（或数值孔径）决定的. 能否突破这个极限？能否不断提高光学系统的成像分辨率？围绕着这个问题, 本文综述了近年来开展的各种光学高分辨和超分辨成像技术, 及其在空间探测和生物领域中的应用.

Large to observe the boundless expanse of universe with astronomical optical telescopes, small to detect the infinitesimal nanoworld with optical microscopes, optical imaging technology plays a very important role for human beings in the exploration and discovery of the mysteries of the unknown world. To see farther, to see more details and to see more clearly are people′s constantly pursuing goal. The traditional optics theory has proved that all classical optical systems are diffractionlimited, i.e., the physical limit of the spatial resolution of optical systems is determined by the light wavelength and the relative aperture (or numerical aperture) of the system. Can this diffractionlimited barrier be broken through? Is it possible to continue to improve the imaging resolution of optical systems? Around this issue, this paper reviews the recent progress of a variety of highresolution and superresolution optical imaging techniques, and their developments in the fields of space exploration and biological applications.