从硅光电倍增管(SiPM)单个微元的微等离子体电子行为模型出发，分析了SiPM的电子特性， 提出了SiPM前端电子学最优设计方案。阐述了SiPM的工作机理，给出了SiPM的电子行为模型，分析了SiPM应用于水下三维测深的优势。根据水下测深信号的回波特性，设计了高速、高带宽的前置放大器，并对前置放大器进行了交流分析和瞬态分析。 结果表明， 该前置放大电路在带宽内具有很高的增益平坦度，相位裕度大于60°， 基本保证了信号的完整性，同时保持了激光脉冲的波形。分析和测试结果表明，该探测器和电路设计方案完全能够满足水下三维测深的需要。

The electrical characteristics of Silicon Photomultipliers(SiPMs) were analyzed on the basis of the behavior model of a micro plasma electron in the SiPMs, and an optimum design scheme for the SiPM front was proposed. The working principles of SiPM arrays were introduced, the electrical behavior model of a SiPM was given, and the advantage of SiPM for the underwater three-dimensional depth sounder was discussed. Based on the echoing characteristics of the underwater depth sounder, a high speed, high bandwidth preamplifier was designed, and an alternating current analysis and a transient analysis were performed. Results show that the preamplifier circuit has much high gain flatness in the bandwidth and the phase margin is more than 60°, which ensures the integrity of signals and the waveforms of laser pulse signals. Analysis and test results indicate that the SiPM arrays and the circuit design can satisfy the requirement of underwater three-dimensional depth sounder, and can improve the target acquisition performance of the laser underwater imaging systems.