介绍了太阳能电池的工作原理，并给出了太阳能电池的物理模型。设计了室内测试非晶硅薄膜电池输出特性的实验，并对实验结果进行分析。搭建了小型独立光伏发电系统，给出系统的工程设计结构。实验结果表明，太阳能电池的转换效率与室内实验所测得的结果相吻合，证明该系统具有可靠性和高效性。

The operation principles of solar cells are presented and their physical models are given. An indoor experiment for measuring the output characteristics of amorphous silicon thin-film cells is designed and the experimental result is analyzed. A small separate photovoltaic (PV) power generation system is built. Its engineering structure is given. The experimental result shows that the conversion efficiency of the solar cells is consistent with the result measured in laboratory. The system is proved to be reliable and high efficient.