根据矩阵光学理论，轴对称傍轴光学系统可以由一个2×2矩阵描述，在确定系统的光学矩阵时必须得到组成光学系统所有元件的准确的光学参数及几何位置。提出了不需要知道系统内部元件的相关参数而通过数字全息实验确定系统光学矩阵元素的方法，并给出了实验证明。实验研究表明，该方法可以足够准确地获得矩阵元素，对于矩阵光学的应用有实际意义。

According to the theory of matrix optics, axisymmetric paraxial optical system can be described by 2×2 matrix and it is necessary to get the accurate optical parameters and geometric location information of all components when determining the optical system matrix of optical system. A new method to determine optical matrix elements of system using digital holographic experiment is put forword, free from knowing the relevant parameters of the system element. Furthermore, experimental evidence of detection method is given. The experimental study show that the matrix elements can be obtained accurately with method, which has practical significance for applications of matrix optics.