偏振成像技术将景物的偏振信息转化为二维图像信息, 从而可以和灰度图像一样对目标景物进行场景特征分析。介绍了基于斯托克斯矢量的偏振成像原理。按照获取斯托克斯矢量方法的不同, 分别介绍了偏振片起偏、偏振棱镜分光和可变延迟波片调制三类分时偏振成像方式, 分振幅、分孔径、分焦平面三种同时偏振成像方式。结合我国的制造水平, 设计了双CCD渥拉斯顿棱镜同时偏振成像实验系统, 并采集了实验图像。分析了各种偏振成像方式的优缺点。指出了偏振激光照明主动偏振成像、光谱偏振成像是偏振成像仪器进一步的发展方向。

Imaging polarimetry is widely applied for imaging polarimetry extracts polarization information from images of the scene. The principle of imaging polarimetry based on Stokes Vector is illustrated. Typical imaging polarimetry systems are reviewed, including division of time polarimetry and simultaneous imaging polarimetry. A simultaneous imaging polarimetry, utilizing two Wollaston prisms and two CCD, is proposed. Advantages and drawbacks of these systems are listed in a table. Active imaging polarimetry and spectro-polarimetry is developing trend.