土地覆盖遥感分类根据图像中每个像元在不同波段具有不同光谱亮度、 空间结构特征或者其他差异的特征, 按照某种规则或算法提取土地覆盖分类信息。 硬分类方法由于混合像元的存在, 导致遥感分类和面积测量精度难以达到使用要求; 软分类方法能够解决混合像元问题。 针对硬分类与软分类各自存在的问题及优势, 在分析硬分类模型和软分类模型的理论基础上, 通过研究两种模型的优缺点取长补短, 优化分类模型。 在新的软硬分类方法支持下, 设计典型应用案例, 在精度评价过程采用改进型混淆矩阵评价方法, 验证该方法在土地覆盖信息提取方面的精度。 结果表明, 软硬分类方法能够有效提高土地覆盖分类精度。

Hard and soft classification techniques are the conventional methods of image classification for satellite data, but they have their own advantages and drawbacks. In order to obtain accurate classification results, we took advantages of both traditional hard classification methods (HCM) and soft classification models (SCM), and developed a new method called the hard and soft classification model (HSCM) based on adaptive threshold calculation. The authors tested the new method in land cover mapping applications. According to the results of confusion matrix, the overall accuracy of HCM, SCM, and HSCM is 71.06%, 67.86%, and 71.10%, respectively. And the kappa coefficient is 60.03%, 56.12%, and 60.07%, respectively. Therefore, the HSCM is better than HCM and SCM. Experimental results proved that the new method can obviously improve the land cover and land use classification accuracy.