从工程角度系统分析了大型激光驱动惯性约束聚变装置(ICF)—美国的国家点火装置(NIF)和法国在建的兆焦耳激光装置(LMJ)的总体布局和总体结构设计的特点。NIF采用“U”型总体布局, 可以提供优化的激光实验设备布局并允许未来增加第二靶室。LMJ采用“In-line”型总体布局, 可以减小激光实验区输出光束至终端光学系统之间的光程, 并为未来增加第二靶室提供了可能。文中指出, ICF装置的总体布局应满足物理实验以及稳定运行、集成和维护的要求。在此前提下, 还应设计进一步发展所需要的接口。ICF装置总体结构设计中, 光学元器件封装在光机组件内; 在线可更换单元采用运动学支承定位。总体结构设计在结构布局和构型上应与总体光路设计相匹配, 设计时需考虑功能性、稳定性和洁净度, 满足光学元件, 物理设备和光学诊断设备的安装定位、集成调试、运行维护的要求。

By taking the National Ignition Facility (NIF) from the USA and the Laser Mégajoule (LMJ) from the France for examples, this paper analyzes the general layout and general structure engineering features of Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) laser facility. NIF is designed with a U-shaped building layout, and it not only can provide an optimum laser experimental equipment configuration but also allow the equipment to attach a second target chamber in future. The bundles of LMJ are arranged in an in-line building. Its layout decreases the optical path-length between the output of each beamline and the focusing system also provides an option for a second target chamber exists. The paper suggests that the general layout of an ICF laser facility should meet the requirements of the physical experimental purposes and should be characterized by operation stability ,good integration and higher maintainability. Furthermore, it should design convenient interfaces for future development. In overall design of the equipment, optical elements are packaged into a optical-mehanical assemblies, and replaceable units (LRUs) are assembled with kinematic mounts. The general structure of ICF design should match the arrangement of the laser beams in structural layout and configuration. Moreover, the structure design can not dispense with the function, stability and cleanliness. The assignments of general structure design should meet the requirements of the installation and localization, integration and debugging, operation and maintenance of the optical components and the physical/optical diagnostic equipment.