利用显微拉曼光谱技术对河南省济源市一座明代古墓葬出土壁画的颜料以及壁画表面结晶物质进行了分析。通过与标准样品的拉曼光谱相比较，识别出了壁画所使用的红色、绿色、黑色和黄色颜料的显色物相，其中红色颜料为赤铁矿和朱砂，绿色颜料为石绿，黑色颜料为碳黑，黄色颜料为黄赭石，而出现在壁画表面的结晶物为石灰质地仗层中的碳酸钙在地下水作用下，透过颜料层在壁画表面重新结晶而形成的。研究结果表明，显微拉曼光谱是一种高效率的分析方法，非常适合对古墓葬壁画颜料以及相关成分进行鉴别分析。

The pigments on the mural paintings from a Ming Dynasty tomb excavated in Jiyuan City are analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. All the pigments are identified compared with the Raman spectra of standard pigments. The red pigments are identified as cinnabar and haematite, the green pigment as malachite, the black pigment as carbon black and the yellow pigment as yellow ochre. Moreover, the white or grey-white crystal deposits on the mural paintings are also identified by Raman analysis as calcium carbonate in the form of calcite. It is deduced that these crystal deposits originated from the calcium carbonate in the limestone base layer. Driven by the underground water, they penetrated through the pigment layer and re-crystallized on the surface of the mural paintings. The results show that micro-Raman spectroscopy is an effective analytical method for the identification of the pigments and other materials on ancient mural paintings.