表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)是一种可从单分子水平对样本进行检测和成像的振动光谱新技术，具有高灵敏度、高特异性、测量快速及对待测样本基本无损等优点，十分适合于癌症的早期筛查研究。近年来，SERS技术应用于癌症检测已成为一个新的研究热点，表现出良好的发展前景。简要介绍了肿瘤组织、肿瘤细胞及癌症患者血液的SERS研究最新成果，对存在的研究难点、局限性及潜在应用价值进行了全面综述，对SERS技术在癌症检测中的发展前景进行了展望。

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a new vibrational spectrum technology for the single-molecule detection and the imaging of samples. It has a great promise in studying the screening of early cancer for its high sensitivity, good specificity and rapidly noninvasive detection. Recently, the application of SERS in cancer detection has been a new research focus. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to the latest research achievements in tumorous tissues, tumorous cells and blood of cancer patients. Then we give a comprehensive discussion of the difficulties, limitations and applications of these works. The prospect of SERS technology for cancer detection is discussed.