研究了基于被动差分吸收光谱技术(DOAS)测量大气中水汽垂直柱浓度的方法。以大气层顶太阳光谱作为参考谱,基于DOAS方法同时反演水汽和O4斜柱浓度，分析了水汽与O4大气质量因子(AMF)之间的关系，通过计算O4 AMF解析出水汽的垂直柱浓度。采用数值模拟方法研究了DOAS方法反演水汽浓度的饱和吸收问题，对水汽垂直柱浓度进行了修正。与太阳光度计及GOME-2卫星测量的结果对比，显示出较好的测量一致性，验证了该方法的可行性。

A measurement method of atmospheric water vapor column density by passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technology is developed. The solar spectrum at the top of atmosphere can be considered as the reference spectrum and the total slant column densities of water vapor and O4 can be retrieved simultaneously from the measurement spectrum by DOAS algorithm. To convert the slant column density to the vertical column density, the relationship of air mass factors (AMFs) of water vapor and O4 is analyzed. The vertical column density of water vapor is resolved with the AMF of O4. The saturated absorption problem of water vapor affects the retrieval precision of DOAS, so a numerical simulation method is developed to revise the water vapor density. The water vapor measurement result of DOAS is compared with those obtained with sun photometer and GOME-2 satellite. Good correlation is shown, and thus the feasibility of the method is verified.