为寻找当前量子技术在实际系统中应用的切入点, 文章研究并分析了当前量子通信的主要技术, 特别对QKD(量子密钥分配)相关协议发展过程及成熟度进行了理论分析。考虑到现有量子器件技术的制约, 总结出基于诱骗态的BB84协议是当前最成熟的QKD协议, 量子安全直接通信、量子离物传态等技术是量子通信发展的方向。

In order to find the entry point of the applications of current quantum technologies in practical systems, this paper studies and analyzes the main technologies for current quantum communications and specially makes a theorectical analysis of the development and maturity of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)-related protocols. Considering the constraints of the existing quantum device technologies, it concludes that the decoy state-based BB84 protocol is the most mature QKD protocol and that quantum secure direct communication, quantum teleportation and other technologies are the the direction of quantum communication development.