气象卫星所携带的多种传感器可以获得可见光、 红外、 多光谱等多模态的卫星图像, 目前处理这些多模态图像的一个重要手段是数据融合分析方法, 而获取不同模态图像空间对应关系的图像配准是数据融合分析的前提和基础。 针对多模态气象卫星图像的配准问题, 重点研究红外图像和可见光图像的配准问题, 并根据红外图像和可见光图像的特点, 提出了一种由粗到精的两阶段配准方法。 在粗配准阶段, 将Fourier-Mellin变换应用于红外和可见光图像的边缘图像上, 并通过变换图像在频域的关系实现了图像配准仿射变换参数的快速计算; 在精配准阶段, 基于图像的Harris算子检测红外图像和可见光图像的特征点, 并通过特征点局部区域的互相关函数实现特征点的匹配, 最终通过匹配特征点求得精确配准的变换参数。 文章提出的由粗到精的图像配准方法, 有效结合了Fourier-Mellin变换对边缘图像配准的高效性和Harris算子图像配准的准确性, 是红外和可见光图像配准的一种新方法。 利用FY-2D气象卫星获取的红外和可见光图像进行了配准实验, 实验结果表明所提出的方法具有良好的鲁棒性和较高的配准精度。

In the present paper, in order to resolve the registration of the multi-mode satellite images with different signal properties and features, a two-phase coarse-to-fine registration method is presented and is applied to the registration of satellite infrared images and visual images. In the coarse registration phase of this method, the edge of infrared and visual images is firstly detected. Then the Fourier-Mellin transform is adopted to process the edge images. Finally, the affine transformation parameters of the registration are computed rapidly by the transformation relation between the registering images in frequency domain. In the fine registration phase of the proposed method, the feature points of infrared and visual images are firstly detected by Harris operator. Then the matched feature points of infrared and visual images are determined by the cross-correlation similarity of their local neighborhoods. The fine registration is finally realized according to the spatial correspondent relation of the matched feature points in infrared and visual images. The proposed coarse-to-fine registration method derives both the advantages of two methods, the high efficiency of Fourier-Mellin transform based registration method and the accuracy of Harris operator based registration method, which is considered the novelty and merit of the proposed method. To evaluate the performance of the proposed registration method, the coarse-to-fine registration method is implemented on the infrared and visual images captured by the FY-2D meteorological satellite. The experimental results show that the presented registration method is robust and has acceptable registration accuracy.