介绍了基于球面弯晶的X射线高分辨单色背光成像技术。通过对球面弯晶背光成像系统的分析，获得成像关键性能参数随成像系统设计参数变化的关系，设计了应用于神光Ⅱ激光装置的单色背光成像系统。利用石英球面弯晶，采用Mg的类H共振发射线以及利用云母球面弯晶，采用Mo连续谱中3.14 keV能点进行背光实验，获得了内爆靶丸的单色投影图像，空间分辨在较大范围内好于5 μm。这种成像技术在现阶段惯性约束聚变(ICF)实验研究中能够发挥许多重要的作用，特别是对内爆靶丸压缩流线的测量和流体力学不稳定性的诊断。

A study of the high resolution monochromatic X-ray imaging techniques based on the spherically curved crystals is reported. The relationships between the key performance parameters and the design parameters of the system were analyzed. A spherically curved quartz crystal with H-like Mg resonance line and a spherically curved mica crystal with the continuous spectrums of Mo at 3.14 keV were used on SGII laser facility. The backlighted images of the capsules were obtained and the spatial resolution of the X-ray optical system was better than 5 μm over a larger area. This technique can make numerous critical contributions to the current state of knowledge in inertial confinement fusion research, such as the trajectory of an imploding shell and the hydrodynamic stability.