综述了已有散射介质超衍射极限聚焦和成像技术的研究现状及进展。首先介绍了这一领域的研究背景及意义，以及已有超衍射极限成像技术的发展现状; 然后给出了应用于超衍射极限成像的散射介质定义; 其次分析了时间反演技术在声学、微波领域聚焦上的应用，介绍了时间反演法在光学领域超衍射极限聚焦应用中的实现方法，总结了散射介质加入到光学系统中的作用，分析了利用反馈控制调节和光学相位共轭方法进行散射介质超衍射极限聚焦方法的特点; 讨论了基于空域和空频域传输矩阵测量的散射介质宽场成像方法及在该目的下的散射介质制备方法; 最后给出了散射介质光学超衍射极限成像技术研究前景及展望。

This paper provides the state-of-art review to the research works in diffraction-limit breaking focusing and imaging. Firstly, the research background and significance of the research in this field are given, and the well-developed super-resolution methods and the definition of scattering media towards diffraction-limit breaking imaging are also introduced. Secondly, the time reversal technique utilizing the scattering property in acoustics and electromagnetics for signal compressing and focusing are specified. The realization method of time reversal in domain of optics is presented. As a foundation for better understanding, the advantages brought about by inserting a plate of scattering media into certain optical imaging system are further elaborated. Thirdly, this review analyzes the serial feedback controlling method, optical phase conjugation and the transmission measurement based on phase conjugation for finest focusing. The groundbreaking transmission matrix measurement in both spatial and spatial frequent domain is introduced, which is followed by the preparation of scattering media aiming at the far-field and wide-field diffraction-limit breaking imaging using transmission matrix method. Finally, the advances and prospect on techniques of breaking diffraction limication using scattering medium are preposed.