介绍了一种小型无线激光通信系统的硬件结构以及针对该硬件的物理层收发协议。具体阐述了该协议中采用的快速同步技术，该技术能够降低通信终端间同步过程中的带宽浪费。在硬件结构中，主要介绍了激光驱动系统、信号放大和整形系统以及信号接口。硬件相关的物理层协议主要用于外部信号接口、数据流的串行化和解串行化、传输错误在线检测以及传输调度。系统主要针对地基无线光通信设计，使用多相位采样技术在本地生成接收端的采样时钟，与基于PLL的时钟复原方法相比具有更快的同步速度，有效提高了无线光通信系统的带宽利用率，降低了通信误码率。

A small size free space optical communication system is introduced, including the hardware structure and the hardware specified physical layer protocol. The rapid synchronization technology applied in protocol is introduced in detail. The technology could reduce waste of bandwidth in the synchronization process between the communication terminals. The hardwares of the system include the laser driver system, the signal amplifying and shaping system, the data interface system. The hardware specified physical layer protocol is used for external signal interface, serialization and de-serialization of the data stream, checking transmission errors and scheduling the data transmission. The system is designed mainly for terrestrial FSO link whose signal channel is the atmosphere. In our system, the sampling clock is generated locally by using multi-phase sampling technique rather than PLL-based clock recovery, which can obtain more rapid synchronization speed and improve the utilization efficiency of bandwidth in the wireless optical communication system and reduce the Bit Error Rate(BER) in the communication.