以描述光波在非均匀梯度折射率波导中传输的变系数非线性薛定谔方程为模型，讨论亮、暗自相似光波在不同波导系统中的形成和管理。根据该方程的光学自相似解，分别研究自相似光波在克尔非线性平面波导、均匀的梯度折射率平面波导、周期分布的梯度折射率波导和双曲分布的梯度折射率波导中的演化。结果表明，自相似光波的形成与波导系统的线性折射率分布和非线性折射率分布有关。在均匀系统和双曲分布的系统中，都可实现对自相似光波的压缩和放大，但在双曲分布系统中，自相似光波的传输距离会受到更大的限制。在周期振荡系统中，则可形成周期振荡且稳定传输的自相似光波。

Based on the nonlinear Schrdinger equation with variable coefficients, which can describe the transmission of optical wave in inhomogeneous graded-index waveguide, the generation and management of bright and dark self-similar waves in different waveguides are discussed. According to the exact optical self-similar solutions of the equation, the evolutions of the self-similar waves in the Kerr nonlinear plane waveguide, the homogeneous graded-index waveguide, and the inhomogeneous graded-index waveguides with periodic distribution and with hyperbolic distribution are studied in detail respectively. The results show that the generation of the self-similar wave relates to the distributions of the linear and nonlinear refractive indexes. The self-similar waves can be compressed and amplified in both homogeneous system and hyperbolic system. However, in the hyperbolic system, the transmission distance of self-similar waves can be more limited. In a periodic oscillation system, self-similar waves with a periodic oscillation can be generated and propagate stably.