由于大口径宽波段高能激光发射系统使用环境复杂、激光发射间歇时间长, 晶体窗口难于满足使用要求, 本文设计了一套用于发射系统的快门式机械窗口。该机械窗口由防尘罩压紧机构和防尘罩的驱动机构两部分组成。压紧机构通过丝杠、钢丝绳和同步带等传动方式实现单电机驱动多目标同步运动, 利用柔性铰链补偿安装误差。采用柔索的非线性分析法和积分原理求解了防尘罩的风压载荷与锁紧机构所需的压紧力间的解析关系, 通过逆推法建立了正压风载与电机负载扭矩间的解析表达式。根据电机的矩频特性计算了机构的转速范围和防尘罩能承受的最大风载。实际测试表明, 电机输出扭矩达到0.34 Nm时, 防尘罩可以抵御10 m/s风载作用, 开启与关闭的最小时间稳定在3 s左右, 正压风载与电机负载间表达式的计算误差不超过15%, 窗口的运行可靠, 符合设备使用要求。

An automatic shutter-type mechanical window was designed for the multi-band, high-power and large-caliber laser launch system to meet the requirements of complex service environment for long interval emission and crystal window. The window is composed of two parts of the dust cover: pressing mechanism and driving mechanism. By using transmission links, such as screw, wire rope, and time synchronous belt, the pressing mechanism realizes multi-task driving of a single motor synchronously and the flexible hinges compensate installation errors. Then the relationship between wind pressure forced on dust cover and pressing force of the pressing mechanism was analyzed by nonlinear analysis methods and integral principles. The expression of wind pressure and motor torque was established by inverse method. According to the relationship of motor torque and frequency, the rotating speed range of the mechanism and the largest wind pressure of the dust cover were calculated. Experimental results show when the motor output torque is 0.341 N·m, the mechanism can resist the impact of wind of 10 m/s. The least intervals of the window are stably within 3 s no matter it is opened or closed. The relative calculation error of the expression between wind pressure and motor output torque is less than 15%, which satisfies working requirements of systems.