光具有由偏振性决定的自旋角动量(SAM)和由光场空间分布决定的轨道角动量(OAM)两种不同的物理性质。重点对光的自旋和轨道角动量在光束生成和变换性质、存在形式和描述方法、力学效应、空间相干性和时间相干性、角向多普勒频移效应及参量转换与量子纠缠等方面进行对比，探索它们的现象学差别，以期更好地理解光的本性，为该领域的研究提供启发和拓展思路。总结和分析了轨道角动量的最新研究成果，并展望了该领域的最新研究动态。

Spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) are two absolutely different physical properties of light which are determined by the polarization and spatial distribution, respectively. The comparison of the two properties is performed in terms of demonstrated about the generation and conversion, existence form and description method, mechanical effect, spatial and time coherence, angular Doppler effect, parameter conversion and quantum entanglement, etc. The phenomenology provides much of the basis for the exploration and exploitation of the field. The progress of OAM development with an eye towards the promising future in the field is reviewed and analyzed.