根据工程实践中大型结构三维角度变形的产生原因和测量需要, 对目前能实际应用到工程场合的光学小角度测量方法的研究现状进行了叙述和分析, 着重介绍了自准直法, 偏振光法、光源靶标法、莫尔条纹法、像形畸变法、摄影摄像测量法等, 对比各方法的特点, 探讨了光学三维角度变形测量技术面临的问题和未来的发展趋势。

According to the reasons of three-dimensional (3D) angle deformation of large structure in engineering applications and measurement requirements, the research states of optical small angle measurement method used in engineering area are described and analyzed. Some methods such as auto-collimation, polarization light, light source target, moiré fringe, image shape deformation and photography and videography are introduced. Comparing with the characteristics of the methods, the problems and development of optical 3D angle deformation measurement technology are discussed.