光谱学与光谱分析, 2014, 34 (9): 2466, 网络出版: 2014-09-15  

石油污染水体荧光图谱特征分析

Analysis of Fluorescence Spectrum of Petroleum-Polluted Water
作者单位
1 大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院, 辽宁 大连116023
2 国家海洋局国家卫星海洋应用中心, 北京100081
3 深圳大学生命学院, 广东 深圳518061
摘要
石油类物质对水体吸收系数的影响主要通过黄色物质(CDOM)体现出来, CDOM和石油类物质皆具有荧光基团, 如果两者的荧光图谱各自特征明显的话, 那么有望利用荧光技术分离出水中石油物质和CDOM各自对水体总吸收系数的贡献, 从而提高水体石油类物质含量的遥感反演精度。 以大连周边海水和山区水库水为自然水体本底, 分别与取自采油污水厂和炼油污水厂的污水进行混合配比, 利用试验数据分析了仅含CDOM、 含油与CDOM混合、 仅含石油三种水样的荧光图谱特征, 旨在为利用荧光技术分离出水中石油物质和CDOM各自对水体总吸收系数的贡献提供依据。 分析结果表明: (1)自然水体中, 海水的CDOM具有三个典型荧光峰, 分别位于Ex:225-230 nm/Em:320~330 nm, Ex:280 nm/Em:340 nm和Ex:225-240 nm/Em:430~470 nm, 为海水叶绿素碎屑物所致; 淡水具有两典型荧光峰, 分别位于: Ex: 240~260 nm/Em: 420~450 nm和Ex: 310~350 nm/Em: 420~440 nm, 为陆源物质所致; (2)用正己烷萃取后的仅含油水样, 具有1~3个荧光峰, 分别位于Ex: 220~240 nm/Em: 320-340 nm, Ex:270~290 nm/Em: 310~340 nm和Ex: 220~235 nm/Em: 280~310 nm, 为各自烃类成分所致; (3)在自然水体中混入油污水后, 含油和CDOM的水样荧光图谱呈现出一个非常强的荧光峰, 位于Ex: 230~250 nm/Em: 320~370 nm, 为CDOM和石油类物质荧光成分共同作用所致。
Abstract
In four ratio experiments, natural waters, sampled from the mountain reservoir and the sea water around Dalian city, were mixed with the sewage from petroleum refinery and petroleum exploitation plants. The fluorescence spectra of water samples containing only chromophoric dissolved organic matters(CDOM), samples containing only petroleum, and samples containing a mixture of petroleum and CDOM were analyzed, respectively. The purpose of this analysis is to provide a basis for determining the contribution of petroleum substances and CDOM to the total absorption coefficient of the petroleum-contaminated water by using fluorescence technique. The results showed that firstly, CDOM in seawater had three main fluorescence peaks at Ex: 225~230 nm/Em: 320~330 nm, Ex: 280 nm/Em: 340 nm and Ex: 225~240 nm/Em: 430~470 nm, respectively, and these may arise from the oceanic chlorophyll. CDOM in natural reservoir water had two main fluorescence peaks at EX: 240~260 nm/Em: 420~450 nm and Ex: 310~350 nm/Em: 420~440 nm, respectively, and these may arise from the terrestrial sources; secondly, the water samples containing only petroleum extracted with n-hexane had one to three fluorescence spectral peaks at Ex: 220~240 nm/Em: 320~340 nm, Ex: 270~290 nm/Em: 310~340 nm and Ex: 220~235 nm/Em: 280~310 nm, respectively, caused by their hydrocarbon component; finally, the water samples containing both petroleum and CDOM showed a very strong fluorescence peak at Ex: 230~250 nm/Em: 320~370 nm, caused by the combined effect of CDOM and petroleum hydrocarbons.

黄妙芬, 宋庆君, 邢旭峰, 简伟军, 刘远, 赵祖龙. 石油污染水体荧光图谱特征分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2014, 34(9): 2466. HUANG Miao-fen, SONG Qing-jun, XING Xu-feng, JIAN Wei-jun, LIU Yuan, ZHAO Zu-long. Analysis of Fluorescence Spectrum of Petroleum-Polluted Water[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2014, 34(9): 2466.

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