土壤是十分复杂的物质, 有机物和无机物共存, 土壤所含的信息量巨大。 近红外光谱技术具有检测速度快、 分析效率高、 成本低、 操作简单的特点, 并且能同时检测多种土壤成分。 介绍了近红外光谱技术检测土壤的基本流程和光谱数据处理方法, 建模方法。 重点是概括近年来近红外技术测定土壤成分的最新研究进展及土壤成分便携式近红外仪器的发展情况, 并针对NIR在数字化农业方面的意义和未来发展方向进行了讨论。

Soil is a much complicated substance, because animals, plants and microbes live together, organic and inorganic exist together. So soil contains a large amount of information. The traditional method in laboratory is a time-consuming effort. But the technology of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used in many areas, owing to its rapidness, high efficiency, no pollution and low cost, NIRS has become the most important method to detect the composition of soil. This paper mainly introduce some traditional methods in laboratory, the basic processes of soil detection by NIRS, some algorithms for data preprocessing and modeling. Besides, the present paper illustrates the latest research progress and the development of portable near infrared instruments of the soil. According to this paper, the authors also hope to promote the application conditions of NIRS in the grassland ecology research in China, and accelerate the modernization of research measures in this area.