基于全景环形透镜的成像技术是全景成像中的一种最具潜力的成像方式,具有高分辨率的长焦距全景环形透镜成像系统光学结构较复杂,结构设计是首要解决的问题.本文根据全景环形透镜成像系统的光路结构及成像特性,详细讨论了全景环形透镜和转像透镜组两部分的设计方法,分别设计了单块全景环形透镜和复杂化全景环形透镜,并对它们的像差特性做了对比,分析了它们之间的光路衔接条件和像差补偿方案.该设计采用小尺寸CCD离轴扫描接收环形像,同时分析了这种扫描机构的可行性.系统要求在300 m处需分辨250 mm大小的物体,通过计算合理地选择了系统焦距和CCD型号并制定了一套技术指标.最终设计出了焦距8 mm,F/#3.2,侧向视场40°~100°的高分辨全景环形透镜成像系统,系统由三胶合结构的全景环形透镜和8片6组的转像透镜组构成,所有表面均为球面.该系统全视场的调制传递函数在80 lp/mm处均高于0.5,最大视场像面的相对照度高于0.95,全视场f-θ畸变在±3%以内,该设计很好地满足了使用要求.

Imaging technology based on Panoramic Annular Lens (PAL) is the most potenial imaging method,PAL-based imaging system with long focus and high resolution has complicated optical structure,structural design is the primary problem.On the basis of optical path structure and imaging properties of the PAL-based imaging system,the design method of PAL and realy lens was discussed in detail,single PAL and complicated PAL were modeled,the aberration characteristics between them were compared,and the optical path connection condition and aberration compensation project between them was analysed.In this design,image was received by CCD with small size through off-axis scanning,meanwhile,the feasibility of the scanning mechanism was stated.According to the requirement of distinguishing 250 mm object at 300 m,system focus and CCD type were chosen reasonably by calculating,and a set of technical parameters were determined.A high resolution PAL-based imaging system whose focal length was 8 mm,relative aperture is F/# 3.2,lateral field is 40°~100° has been designed finally,which consisted of three agglutination PAL and relay lens of 8 pieces and 6 groups,all surfaces were spherical and all field MTF at 80 lp/mm were higher than 0.5,illumination uniformity of image was higher than 0.95,f-θ distortion of all field was within ±3%.the design meets the usage requriement well.