分析了国内外地基大口径望远镜的站址选择和塔台建设, 对2 m口径望远镜的塔台建设进行了研究。首先, 讨论了望远镜的视宁度和塔台高度之间的关系, 通过对该望远镜所在地的大气视宁度等因素的衡量, 确定塔台高度为13 m。然后, 根据Φ2 m级口径望远镜塔台建设的需求, 建立了计算机仿真模型, 采用有限元软件Ansys进行仿真分析, 提出了一种载荷为30 t的情况下, 谐振频率达到30 Hz, 并且能够承受5级地震灾害和一定风载的塔台和地基建设方案。分别采用谱分析和随机振动的方法研究了设计的塔台在地震、风载等自然条件下的响应, 结果证明该方案能满足Φ2 m级口径望远镜的站址建设要求并对下一步开展的Φ4 m级口径地基大口径望远镜的塔台和地基建设具有参考作用。

The site choice and pier foundation of existing ground based large aperture telescopes were analyzed and how to construct a pier for a 2 m aperture telescope was explored. Firstly, the relationship between the astronomical seeing and the pier height of a telescope was discussed and the pier height was determined to be 13 m by measuring the astronomical seeing of the seat of the telescope. Then, according to the requirements of pier construction of the 2 m aperture telescope, a simulation model was established, and the simulation analysis was performed by Ansys. A pier and ground base design scheme with a resonant frequency more than 30 Hz under the load condition of 30 t was proposed to resist a 5 level earthquake and certain wind load. Finally, the spectral analysis and random vibration method were used to research the responses of the pier designed to the earthquake and certain wind loads. The results show that the scheme proposed meets the demands of 2 m aperture telescope for pier foundation and it would provide a reference for construction of a Φ4 m aperture telescope.