道路湿滑程度是表征公路交通安全的重要指标,路面气象传感技术能准确检测道路积水和结冰的情况,进而定量分析临界滑水速度和路面附着系数等湿滑参数,通过实时调整车速甚至封闭道路,可有效预防交通事故。非接触式路面气象传感方法具有精度高、不破坏路基和安装灵活等特点,是目前的研究热点,但核心技术仍被国外垄断,设备价格十分昂贵。基于积水、结冰路面的红外反射光谱特征,利用1310 nm与1550 nm激光的反射光强,研究了一套水膜厚度检测及冰水状态判别的数学模型和探测方法。以此为基础建立了路面气象传感系统,并对系统的光学结构进行了仿真优化。实验结果表明,该系统的测量距离可达3~5 m,水膜厚度在9 mm下的测量误差小于0.1 mm,系统能够精准判别路面干燥、积水和结冰等气象状态,具备良好的实用价值。

The extent of road slippery is an important indicator of road traffic safety. The road surface meteorological sensing technologies can accurately detect the conditions of water accumulation and ice formation on the road, and thus can quantitatively analyze the slippery parameters such as critical hydroplaning velocity and road adhesion coefficient. Using these technologies, we can effectively prevent traffic accidents by adjusting vehicle speed or even closing roads in real time. The non-contact road surface meteorological sensing method is currently a hot research topic because of its high accuracy, no damage to roadbeds and flexible installation. However, its key technology is still monopolized abroad and the equipment is very expensive. Based on the characteristics of infrared reflection spectra of stagnant water and ice on road surfaces, we use the reflected laser intensities at 1310 nm and 1550 nm to study a set of mathematical models and detection methods for detecting water film thickness and distinguishing water/ice state. Based on it, a road surface meteorological sensing system is established and the optical structure of this system is optimized by optical simulation. The experimental results show that the detection distance of the system reaches 3-5 m and the measurement error of water film thickness is less than 0.1 mm in the range of 9 mm. The system can accurately distinguish the meteorological states of drying, water accumulation and ice formation on road surfaces, which has good practical value.