合成硫化锌纳米簇并对其进行表征, 建立一种利用硫化锌纳米簇的阳离子交换(CX)反应检测痕量生物分子的方法。采用水热法合成非荧光硫化锌纳米簇(NCCs)并对其进行表征。纳米簇的性能直接影响检测结果。通过透射电镜图像和X射线衍射可知, 纳米簇是多孔的, 可以通过快速阳离子交换反应从纳米簇中释放大量的Zn2+, 在锌响应试剂的作用下产生荧光信号进行荧光检测。其晶体的外部比内部排列松散, 有利于快速阳离子交换, 其晶体尺寸大小与加热时间有关。通过比表面积检测法测定纳米簇的表面积和孔径表明, 最小的纳米簇拥有相对较大的表面积及较高的阳离子交换效率。实验了三种释放方法(酸溶解法、阳离子交换法和微波辅助阳离子交换法)对Zn2+释放性能的影响, 结果表明, 微波辅助阳离子交换法信噪比较高, 操作简便, 可用于硫化锌纳米簇免疫测定法中。比较了Zn2+的释放效率和目标结合力与平均直径之间的关系, 结果表明纳米簇尺寸为44 nm时表现出最高的阳离子交换效率。结论: 所有这些特点, 使ZnS纳米簇阳离子交换放大器在痕量生物分子检测方面成为高度灵敏、生物相容性好、低廉环保的检测工具。

Zinc sulfide nano clusters were synthesized and characterized. A kind of method using zinc sulfide nanoparticles cluster cation exchange reaction(CX) to detect trace biological molecules was established. Non fluorescent ZnS nanoparticles (NCCs) were synthesized and characterized. The property of nano clusters directly influences the detection results. Through transmission electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction, nano clusters which could quickly release a mass of Zn2+ from rapid cation exchange reaction were known to be porous and generate fluorescence signal under the action of zinc reagent. The external crystal arranges loosely compared to the internal, which is conducive to rapid cation exchange, and the crystal size is related to heating time. It was demonstrated that the smallest nanocluster had a relative large surface area and higher cationic exchange efficiency through the determination of the specific surface area of nano clusters for detecting surface area and pore size. Three methods (acid dissolution method, cation exchange and micro wave aided by cation exchange) which effected Zn2+ release performance were experimented. It turned out that microwave auxiliary cation exchange method had high SNR, simple operation, and could be used in zinc sulfide nanoparticle immunoassay. Having compared the relations between the release efficiency, target binding force of Zn2+ and its average diameter, the results show that the nano cluster size of 44 nm exhibits the highest cation exchange efficiency. All these features make the ZnS nanocluster cation exchange amplifier to be a highly sensitive, fairly biocompatible, low-cost and environment friendly detection tool in the detection of biomolecules.