作为农业生产最基本的生产资料, 种子质量是影响其种用价值的最重要特征。常用的种子质量检测方法存在检测速度慢、具破坏性、预处理过程复杂等问题, 因此研究简便快速的种子质量检测方法对于种子质量检验具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来近红外光谱技术检测种子内含物、种子活力及贮藏年份、种子病害和虫害等研究现状及存在的问题。对于水分、淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪酸、胡萝卜素等物质含量, 其模型鉴别率较高, 对相对含量较低的微量物质鉴别率较低;因高温高湿致活力下降的种子以及贮藏不同年份的种子可以高效鉴别, 而因冷害所致的活力较低种子无法鉴别;目前可成功鉴别健康种子与感病种子, 并对种子的健康度进行有效的分级, 部分真菌性病害的病原菌也可鉴别;可成功鉴别遭虫蚀种子与健康种子, 进而区分害虫的种类, 但对虫害水平较低的样本和较小幼虫的检测效果不够理想。最后对近红外光谱技术在种子质量检测应用上存在的问题进行了分析与展望, 特别是种子行业特有的单粒检测技术, 其光谱采集配件的标准化将极大的提高其应用性。

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology developed fast in recent years, due to its rapid speed, less pollution, high-efficiency and other advantages. It has been widely used in many fields such as food, chemical industry, pharmacy, agriculture and so on. The seed is the most basic and important agricultural capital goods, and seed quality is important for agricultural production. Most methods presently used for seed quality detecting were destructive, slow and needed pretreatment, therefore, developing one kind of method that is simple and rapid has great significance for seed quality testing. This article reviewed the application and trends of NIRS technology in testing of seed constituents, vigor, disease and insect pests etc. For moisture, starch, protein, fatty acid and carotene content, the model identification rates were high as their relative contents were high;for trace organic, the identification rates were low as their relative content were low. The heat-damaged seeds with low vigor were discriminated by NIRS, the seeds stored for different time could also been identified. The discrimination of frost-damaged seeds was impossible. The NIRS could be used to identify health and infected disease seeds, and did the classification for the health degree;it could identify parts of the fungal pathogens. The NIRS could identify worm-eaten and health seeds, and further distinguished the insect species, however the identification effects for small larval and low injury level of insect pests was not good enough. Finally, in present paper existing problems and development trends for NIRS in seed quality detection was discussed, especially the single seed detecting technology which was characteristic of the seed industry, the standardization of its spectral acquisition accessories will greatly improve its applicability.