以获得空间未知目标的轨迹运动信息为目的, 研究了一种基于星载光电成像跟踪测距方式的空间目标定轨技术。该技术从测量学角度出发, 利用星载光学测量系统获得目标的相对运动信息, 利用角度传感测量系统获得卫星的姿态角变化和跟踪架的角随动信息, 最后通过坐标变换解算出目标在地球惯性坐标系中的绝对运动信息。文中依次从物理模型、坐标体系、基本原理等方面对该项技术进行了描述和推导, 获得了目标在地球坐标系下的状态方程和观测方程。最后, 在对天基监视卫星轨道模型、星载光电跟踪控制模型、目标特性及光学成像测距模型进行分析后, 建立了具体的数学模型, 并对计算结果进行了分析讨论。得到的结果显示理想模型的目标轨迹测量精度优于0.5 km。

A kind of orbit determination technology for a space target based on satellite borne electro-optical imaging, tracking and ranging was proposed to obtain the orbit movement information of the space target. On the basis of surveying, the relative movement information between satellite and target was obtained by the satellite borne optical measuring system, the angle flowing information of satellite attitude angles and rotation angles of tracking frame was captured by corresponding angle sensors, and the absolute motion information of the space target in an earth coordinate system was computed completely through a series of coordinate transformations. The state equation and measurement equation of the target in earth coordinate system were gained after describing physical model, coordinate systems and basic principle in turn. Furthermore, a mathematic simulation was researched after analyzing many models including space-based surveillance satellite orbit, opto-electronic tracking and control, target characteristics and optical imaging and ranging, and the computation results were discussed.The experiments show that the precision of orbit determination is better than 0.5 km for ideal models.