云和气溶胶偏振激光雷达(CALIPSO)卫星数据是探测大气气溶胶特征的有效工具。采用CALIPSO 数据对37.1°N，113.3°E ~ 38.6°N，117°E 之间地理区域的强霾天气、沙尘天气、生物质燃烧污染天气和清洁天气的气溶胶消光系数、退偏比、色比以及温度廓线进行对比分析，结果表明：1) 强霾天气主要是球形度较高的水溶性细粒子污染，集中在地表1 km 以内，常伴有逆温无风或弱风现象出现；2) 沙尘天气垂直分布广，可存留在高空，非球形度高，粒子尺度不均匀，风速偏大；3) 生物质燃烧污染天气主要是集中在中低空的细粒子污染，黑碳成分高，消光系数大，常伴有污染性沙尘共同存在。三种污染天气廓线有很大不同，说明不同污染天气的气溶胶垂直分布的差异很大。

The cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization (CALIPSO) satellite data is an effective tool for measuring atmospheric aerosol properties, such as extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio and color ratio profiles. Comparing the aerosol properties during heavy haze, dust storm, biomass burning and clean period by using the CALIPSO satellite data, results show that the vertical distribution of aerosols for different polluted events differ greatly. For heavy haze event, aerosols are concentrated within 1 km above ground surface with high spherical degree and small size, often with temperature inversion and breezeless or weak wind. Comparatively, dust aerosols have wide vertical distribution, and can exist in upper atmosphere, with low spherical degree, non-uniform particle size and high wind speed. The aerosols of biomass burning event are mainly composed of small size particles and concentrated in the low and middle atmosphere, with high black carbon (BC) concentration and large extinction coefficient, which are often accompanied with polluted dust aerosols. According to the results, the CALIPSO satellite data can be used to characterize the category and the characteristic of the atmospheric aerosols.