清代官窑釉上彩瓷器彩料的化学成分和烧制工艺缺乏系统的科学研究。用自行研制的毛细管聚焦的微束X射线荧光研究了一只清代金釉碗的不同颜色彩料的化学成分和元素分布。分析结果表明，Cu、Fe、Mn、Au 等是彩料的主要着色元素，Pb 是彩料的主要熔剂；彩料中红釉是高温釉，而金色、浅黄色和绿色彩料是低温釉。微束X 射线荧光扫描分析表明，金鱼的眼睛是由Cu、Au、Fe、Pb 等混合彩料绘制，金鱼的整体图案是由Fe 和Pb 等混合颜料绘制，而金鱼的鱼鳞用Au 和Pb 的彩料绘制而成。此外，不同颜色彩料中的着色元素的纯度较高，能谱中没有其他微量元素杂质的干扰，这些特征可以作为辨别清代官窑彩料真伪的参考。

Study of the chemical compositions and fired technologies of ancient colored glaze of Qing dynasty official kiln is very poor. Chemical compositions and elemental mappings of Au glaze bowl of Qing dynasty are studied by micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results show that Cu,Fe,Mn, Au are the mainly colored elements and Pb is a kind of solvent. Moreover, the red glaze of bowl is a kind of high temperature glaze, but the golden, light yellow and green glazes are the kind of low temperature glazes. The elemental mappings show that the eyes of goldfish are painted by colored pigment mixed by Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, the whole body of goldfish is painted by a kind of pigment mixed by Pb and Fe, but the scales of goldfish are painted by colored pigment mixed by Au and Pb. Furthermore, the grades of purity of different colored pigments are very high and no other metallic elements except that the colored elements are detected in our experiment. This can be regarded as the reference to authenticating the genuineness of the color pigments of Qing dynasty.