建立了三视场天文定位定向系统,以实现高精度的天文定位定向.阐述了天文定位定向的概念,介绍了三视场天文定位定向系统的工作原理.提出一种基于最小损失函数的天文定位定向算法,该算方法能够同时解算地理位置和载体的方位角信息.根据三视场系统与传统单视场系统的结构特点,从理论上分析了三视场系统的天文定位定向性能及优势.最后,就载体平台倾角测量误差和星敏感器单星测量误差对定位定向的影响进行了仿真分析并基于原理样机进行了外场实验.实验结果表明:该系统的定位精度为151.624 0 m,定向精度为4.630 4″,且定位定向结果稳定.得到的结果基本满足高精度天文定位定向的要求.

A three Field of View(FOV) celestial positioning and orientation system was established to achieve high-precision position and orientation.The concept of the three FOV celestial positioning and orientation was described,and the working principles of the system were introduced.A celestial positioning and orientation algorithm based on the minimum loss function was proposed to calculate the geographic position and the azimuth angle information of a carrier simultaneously.According to the structure characteristics of the three FOV system and traditional single FOV system,the advantages of the former on positioning and orientation performance were analyzed theoretically.Finally,the simulation analysis was performed on the effects of the dip angle errors of a carrier platform and the single star measuring errors of a star sensor on the celestial positioning and orientation,and a field experiment was executed with a prototype.Experimental results indicate that the positioning accuracy is 151.624 0 m,the orientation accuracy is 4.630 4″ and the positioning and orientation result is stable.These results satisfy the requirements of the high-precision celestial positioning and orientation.